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=__**Chapter 18: The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550-1800**__=
 * [[image:thedeatheaters/barbados_006p.jpg caption="These windmills were used to crush the sugar cane grown in the Caribbean. The liquid sugar would then be bolied in the adjacent building."]] ||

====By the 1700s, Caribbean settlements had grown to be the greatest producers of sugar on the planet. Perhaps that was because only ten percent of the Caribbean’s population were free men and women, and all the others were slaves. The captive slaves were forced to harvest crops from the fields, and work in sugar mills so raw materials could be sent to Europe.==== ====The profitable growth of sugar agriculture in the Caribbean in the 1600s started a new period in the African slave market. As English, French, Dutch, and Portuguese sugar developers competed for slaves, the barbarous slave trade saw an increase in the number of merchants and ships. Bigger and swifter vessels transported slaves from Africa, but the cost of laborers persisted to stay up, and --despite the insistence and wariness to keep the captives alive-- mortality rates were high among the hundreds of people overcrowded in a slave ship. The Atlantic slave trade devoured African lives and was far from a reliable income for investors in Europe, but the slave trade and plantation slavery were critical parts of a prospering new Atlantic system.==== f || **b** b || **1500-1700:** Gold trade predominates **h** **g** g g || **1621:** Dutch West India Company chartered **j** **j** **j** **g** **g** **a** **a** **a** **a** **a** **a** f || **ws** **w** a a || **1700-1830:** Slave trade predominates **k** t || Plantations in the West Indies Plantation Life in the Eighteenth Century Creating the Atlantic Economy Africa, the Atlantic, and Islam Environment and Technology: Amerindian Foods in Africa Diversity and Dominace: Slavery in West Africa and the Americas Vocabulary
 * **__CHRONOLOGY__** || ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff || fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff || ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ||
 * || __**West Indies**__ || **__Atlantic__** || __**Africa**__ ||
 * __**1500**__ || **ca. 1500:** Spanish settlers introduce sugar-cane cultivation
 * 1530:** Amsterdam Exchange opens
 * 1591:** Morocco conquers Songhai ||
 * __**1600**__ || **1620s and 1630s:** English and French colonies in Caribbean
 * 1640s:** Dutch bring sugar plantation system from Brazil
 * 1655:** English take Jamaica
 * 1670s:** French occupy western half of Hispaniola (modern Haiti)
 * 1654:** Dutch expelled from Brazil
 * 1660s:** English Navigation Acts
 * 1672:** Royal African Company chartered
 * 1698:** French Exclusif || **h**
 * 1638:** Dutch take Elmina
 * 1680s:** Rise of Asante
 * __**1700**__ || **1700:** West Indies surpass Brazil in sugar production
 * 1760:** Tacky's rebellion in Jamaica || **1700 to present:** Atlantic system flourishing
 * 1713:** English receive slave trade monopoly from Spanish Empire
 * 1720s:** Rise of Dahomey
 * 1730:** Oyo makes Dahomey pay tribute
 * Sections:**
 * Extras:**

Taylor Armstrong